Thursday, August 27, 2020

College Fairs How To Get the Most Out of Them

School Fairs How To Get the Most Out of Them SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Consistently, there are school fairs the nation over. These fairs can be significant instruments to help you as you attempt to make sense of which universities you need to apply to, and in the long run, which school you need to join in. In this article, I'll clarify what a school reasonable is, the manner by which to discover school fairs, and what you ought to do to take advantage of theexperience. What Is a College Fair? A school reasonable is an occasion where delegates from universities go to a school, assembly hall, or other area to converse with secondary school understudies about the universities they speak to and answer questions. Some school fairs have been depicted as resembling swap meets. Every school typically has its own corner, and the agents are attempting to get you to go to their stalls. They give out leaflets and attempt to persuade you why you ought to be keen on going to their school. School fairs are an extraordinary chance to get data about the universities that are spoken to. The agents can respond to explicit inquiries regarding scholastics, grounds life, or monetary guide. Likewise, you can make associations with the grounds delegates. Once in a while understudies trade data with the agents, and the understudies can get further direction and help with the school affirmations and choice procedure after the reasonable is finished. There are general school fairs in which a wide range of universities are spoken to. Likewise, there are increasingly engaged school fairs, similar to school fairs in which the entirety of the spoke to schools are performing expressions universities or HBCUs. For what reason Should You Attend a College Fair? School fairs can be gainful in helping you discover the school that will be the best fit for you. You can pose explicit inquiries to school delegates who are proficient about the confirmations procedure and the schools they speak to. You can get direction about how to make yourself a certified possibility for affirmation, and you can find out about the open doors that different schools can give you. Besides, school fairs can open you to universities you may have not recently thought of. Regularly, understudies don't know about the entirety of their school choices, and fairs give understudies a decent chance to find out about various schools. There are truly a huge number of schools, yet as far as I can tell, numerous understudies attempt to confine their school alternatives to just a bunch before doing sufficient examination. At long last, now and again confirmations officials are there speaking to the schools they work for. While most agents won't recall by far most of the understudies they communicate with at the reasonable, on the off chance that you have a lovely discussion and trade data, you may establish a positive connection with someone who will peruse your application. How Do You Find a College Fair? There are a couple of approaches to discover a school reasonable you can join in. Initially, I prescribe conversing with your instructor. Your advocate might have the option to assist you with finding a neighborhood school reasonable or might have the option to set up a reasonable at your school. Additionally, each fall and spring the National Association for College Admission Counseling holds freecollege fairs in urban communities the nation over. To discover nearby fairs, you can likewise google â€Å"college fairs† and your state or city.If you can’t go to a school reasonable face to face, you can in any case get the experience essentially at collegeweeklive.com or collegefairsonline.com. What to Do Before You Go Before you go to a school reasonable, you ought to be prepared.Do your examination! Discover the schools that will join in. Exploration the schools from their sites, manuals, school discoverers, and positioning records. Figure out which schools that will go to the reasonable intrigue you the most.Write a rundown of inquiries, and putsome thought into your inquiries. The more explicit and elegantly composed your inquiries, the better you’ll fall off to the school reps, and you’ll be bound to get the data you’re looking for. Rather than asking â€Å"How are the parties?†, you can get some information about the unmistakable quality of Greek life nearby or the recurrence and kinds of nearby occasions for students.If conceivable, concoct a couple of inquiries that show you’ve done your research.For model, you can get some information about a particular later nearby occasion. You can reference a measurement or some data you learned in your examination. Compose questions identified with the most significant elements for you in picking a school. In a perfect world, the appropriate responses you get will assist you with narrowing down your rundown of schools and help you in the school choice process.Bring a pen, paper, and a sack to hold the entirety of the leaflets you’ll be getting. Ensure the email address you’ll be giving doesn’t sound excessively senseless or unprofessional.Even however justinsbae@aol.com is a flawless location, school affirmations officials may pass judgment on you contrarily for it. Exploration the schools that will be at the school reasonable. What You Should Do at the Fair At a school reasonable, have a general strategy before you start capriciously strolling from stall to booth.You’ll just have a restricted measure of time, so outline a course to guarantee that you’ll have the option to visit the corners from the universities that intrigue you the most. A portion of these fairs are in enormous assembly halls. A few fairs will give a guide, and at different fairs, you’ll need to check the space to find the stalls you’re searching for. At that point you should visit the stalls and address the school reps.Ask the inquiries you’ve arranged, yet in addition be happy to have a discussion with the agents and pose extra inquiries dependent on the data they provide.Be proficient and affable. Look while the agents are talking and express gratitude toward them for addressing your inquiries. While I trust you ought to consistently attempt to be obliging, you particularly need to establish a decent connection at a school reasonable. A considerable lot of these agents are confirmations officials or have close connections to the affirmations workplaces at the schools they’re speaking to. Likewise, in the event that you establish a positive connection, the agent is bound to need to be useful. A few understudies relate with agents by means of email after a school reasonable, and the understudies find extra direction or solutions to any outstanding inquiries. In any case, if a corner is extremely packed, you may simply get a chance to tune in to the agent offer her pitch or response inquiries from others. After you’re done at a stall, write down any relevant data you got or your impressions of the school before setting off to the following corner. Ensure you’re ready to visit the corners of the universities that premium you the most, however be happy to go to other school stalls, too.You may find out about a school you’re less learned about, and you may start an enthusiasm for a school that you hadn’t recently considered. Furthermore, some school fairs offer data meetings. As a rule, the data meetings will have a particular center like rounding out school applications or monetary guide. On the off chance that conceivable, I suggest going to one of these meetings. Go to the meeting that is generally pertinent to your requirements and you envision will offer you the most accommodating information.If you're alright with the application procedure, at that point heading off to the data meeting on rounding out applications may not be the best utilization of your time. You need to attempt to exploit the entirety of the assets accessible to you at a school reasonable and ensure you're getting however much out of the experience as could be expected. EducationUSA International Virtual College Fair/Flickr What You Should Do After After you return home from the school reasonable, attempt to make sense of which universities established the best connection with you.Reflect on your discussions with the school representatives.Did the delegate say whatever energized you regarding the school? Did you hear whatever caused you to feel like that school was a spot you could see yourself at?Review your notes you took during the reasonable. Additionally, arrange and audit the material you collected.Make an organizer or record for every school you’re considering to assist you with remaining sorted out. In the event that you conclude that you’re unquestionably not keen on a school, dispose of its material. You can maintain a strategic distance from mess and spotlight on the schools you’re intrigued by. At that point, keep on investigating the universities that premium you.You can examine your school choices with educators, instructors, and guardians. In the event that you know any current understudies or graduated class from the schools, converse with them about their encounters. You can likewise useNiche, a site that gives school rankings, offers understudy surveys of universities. The audits are about each part of the school, including budgetary guide, scholastics, parties, and the general understanding. At long last, if conceivable, plan grounds visits.If you’re ready to visit a school, you can get an official grounds visit and regularly plan a gathering at the confirmations office. Here and there you’re even ready to participate in a class.There’s actually no better method to decide whether you’ll appreciate going to a particular school than by really investing energy there. Going to a school reasonable is a decent advance to choose which schools you need to visit. What's Next? In case you're despite everything attempting to choose what you're searching for in a school, look at these articles on the most assorted universities, party schools, and whether you ought to go to a school in a urban, rural, or country zone. In case you're concluding your rundown of schools to apply to, survey these posts on reach and wellbeing schools. Likewise make certain to look at our clever infographic on the best way to apply for school. Need to improve your SAT score by 160 or your ACT score by 4 points?We've composed a guide for each test about the best 5 techniques you should

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Learning Styles and Personality Types in a Group Dynamic

Learning Styles and Personality Types in a Group Dynamic When working in a gathering domain, one will experience various individuals who think, learn and act in various ways. So as to succeed, we should comprehend these distinctions and how to utilize them to further our potential benefit while working with others. Various Intelligences When Gardner built up his Multiple Intelligence hypothesis, it gave individuals another knowledge to the manner in which we learn. This advancement additionally helped us to work all the more successfully with each other just as how to all the more likely speak with one another. Verbal-Linguistic Somebody who is Verbal-Linguistic is just acceptable with language. A Verbal-Linguistic individual will exceed expectations with composing, talking or tuning in. Accordingly, to more readily work with this sort of an individual, one ought to either compose notes or have an up close and personal discussion. Along these lines the Verbal-Linguistic individual can best comprehend and add to the gathering. Intrapersonal people exceed expectations at being separated from everyone else and their own contemplations and emotions. They may from the start appear to be an impairment to a gathering in light of their propensity to need to be peaceful and watch. This conduct might be seen by others as somebody who wouldn't like to cooperate or contribute, which can prompt clash. To work with somebody who is intrapersonal, one ought to know that they probably won't express their thoughts straightforwardly. Any undertakings that should be done that dont include the gathering all in all could be appointed to this person. Visual-Spatial Artwork, plan and arranging are everything Visual-Spatial individuals do best. When working with somebody who is Visual-Spatial, it will not give long talks. Visual-Spatial students best learn and contribute using pictures, maps and outlines. To adequately utilize these people, any assignments that identify with this would be ideal. Character Types According to the Myers-Briggs Personality Test, there are four sorts of characters: scholar, coordinator, supplier and swashbuckler. When working in a gathering, it is helpful and basic to comprehend what sorts of characters exist in your gathering. Coordinator If somebody is a coordinator, they will in general be centered around subtleties. This is useful for a gathering since they will be exceptionally careful in each assignment ensuring everything is finished and exact. To best work with coordinators, ensure every prerequisite is clear and characterized and everything is comprehended and spread out in a reasonable way. Explorer Adventurers look to get things done in a non-regular way. They might need to adopt an increasingly dynamic strategy to the task rather than standard conversations and composing. In certain gatherings this might be viewed as an exercise in futility or reluctance to finish the errand up to the gathering standard. Permitting globe-trotters to adopt an alternate strategy, regardless of whether it isn't utilized in the last item, won't just permit them to comprehend the material better, however it could likewise include various components into the gathering venture that probably won't have been thought of that could raise the nature of the undertaking all in all. Mastermind When working with scholars, it is imperative to comprehend the need to work alone. Like people who are intrapersonal, scholars work best without anyone else. To help cause them to feel more calm in a gathering domain, permit them to finish undertakings that don't require the whole gathering. While working with the gathering everywhere, scholars will be valuable to take care of issues the gathering might be looking during an undertaking. End Assessing the learning styles and character sorts of the individuals in your gathering is fundamental to the gatherings extreme achievement. Inability to utilize individuals qualities could bring about clashes and not accomplishing the objectives the gathering has set. At the point when every part is used such that they are solid in and in a way they are agreeable in, they won't just be gainful and dynamic inside a gathering, yet in addition accomplish a higher caliber of work which will just assistance the entire gathering succeed.

First Woman to Vote under the 19th Amendment

First Woman to Vote under the nineteenth Amendment A frequently posed inquiry: who was the primary lady in the United States to cast a ballot the principal lady to cast a voting form the main female voter? Since ladies in New Jersey reserved the option to cast a ballot from 1776-1807, and there were no records kept of what time each casted a ballot in the main political decision there, the name of the primary lady in the United States to cast a ballot after its foundingâ is lost in the fogs of history. Afterward, different locales conceded ladies the vote, now and then for a constrained reason, (for example, Kentucky permitting ladies to cast a ballot in educational committee decisions starting in 1838).  Some regions and states in the western United States gave ladies the vote: Wyoming Territory, for example, in 1870. First Woman to Vote under the nineteenth Amendment We have a few inquirers to being the primary lady to cast a ballot under the nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Similarly as with many overlooked firsts of womens history, its conceivable that documentation will later be found about other people who casted a ballot early. South St. Paul, August 27 One case to first lady to cast a ballot under the nineteenth Amendment originates from South St. Paul, Minnesota. Ladies had the option to cast casts a ballot in a 1905 exceptional political race in the city of South St. Paul; their votes were not tallied, however they were recorded. In that political race, 46 ladies and 758 men casted a ballot. At the point when word went ahead August 26, 1920, that the nineteenth Amendment had been marked into law, South St. Paul immediately booked an uncommon political decision the following morning on a water bond bill, and at 5:30 a.m., eighty ladies casted a ballot. (Source::Minnesota Senate S.R. No. 5, June 16, 2006) Miss Margaret Newburgh of South St. Paul casted a ballot at 6 a.m. in her area and is once in a while given the title ofâ firstâ woman to cast a ballot under the nineteenth Amendment. Hannibal, Missouri, August 31 On August 31, 1920, five days after the nineteenth amendment was marked into law, Hannibal, Missouriâ held an exceptional political decision to fill the seat of a councilman who had surrendered. At 7 a.m., in spite of heavy storm, Mrs. Marie Ruoff Byrum, spouse of Morris Byrum and little girl in-law of Democratic committeeman Lacy Byrum, cast her voting form in the main ward. She in this manner turned into the principal lady to cast a ballot in the province of Missouri and the primary lady to cast a ballot in the United States under the nineteenth, or Suffrage, Amendment. At 7:01 a.m. in the second ward of Hannibal, Mrs. Walker Harrison make the second known choice by a lady under the nineteenth amendment. (Source: Ron Brown, WGEM News, in view of a report in the Hannibal Courier-Post, 8/31/20, and a reference in the Missouri Historical Review Volume 29, 1934-35, page 299.) Commending the Right to Vote American ladies had composed, walked, and gone to jail to pick up the decision in favor of ladies.  They praised winning the vote in August 1920, most strikingly with Alice Paul spreading out a pennant indicating another star on a standard connoting sanction by Tennessee. Ladies likewise celebrated by starting to arrange for ladies to utilize their vote generally and wisely. Crystal Eastman composed a paper, Now We Can Begin, calling attention to that womans fight was not overâ but had recently started.  The contention of the majority of the lady testimonial development had been that ladies required the vote to take an interest completely as residents, and many contended for the vote as an approach to contribute as ladies to changing society. So they sorted out, including changing the wing of the testimonial development drove via Carrie Chapman Catt into the League of Women Voters, which Catt made.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Resiliency in Homelessness

Flexibility in Homelessness Issue Statement There is a lot of examination into versatility in kids, regardless of whether they are housed or destitute. Be that as it may, there is less research about flexibility in grown-ups, regardless of whether they are housed or destitute. This doesn't sound good to me. Childrens prosperity, which incorporates their flexibility, is legitimately connected with that of the grown-ups in their families. Ladies as of now win 60 pennies for each dollar a man wins with a more extensive ethnic compensation hole (CCH, page 3). Families with youngsters make up thirty-five percent of the destitute populace, with the staying sixty-five percent of the destitute populace being single people (CCH, page 1). Get information on #s headed by single guardians, particularly female-headed families. As per the City of Chicago 2007 Point in Time Count, the racial socioeconomics of the destitute populace were: African American: 75 percent; White: 16 percent; Latino: 6 percent (CCH, FAQ). Quality notwithstanding di fficulty is one of the most significant attributes you can have. Difficulties and disillusionments are inescapable throughout everyday life. Strength is one of the keys to life fulfillment. Versatility can help forestall melancholy, upgrades connections, encourages us manage abrupt and unforeseen difficulties, just as those we foresee and can't keep away from. It additionally shields us against long haul difficulties.Given this reality I chose to examine if strength diminishes negative impacts of vagrancy in grown-ups and in their change in the wake of turning out to be housed. The data I find can be helpful for those working with grown-ups who are destitute and those making the progress from vagrancy to lodging. System I composed 10 inquiries dependent on the hypothesis found in a writing survey on flexibility. I talked with five specialists in the field of vagrancy: Erin Ryan MSW, the Executive Director of Lincoln Park Community Shelter (LPCS) ; Ms. Jen Patterson, Director of Development and Communications at Housing Opportunities for Women (HOW); Mr. Steven Skovensky, Ms. Natalie Hutchinson, and Ms. Ann Birhle, are Resident Services Managers at Mercy Housing Lakefront. LPCS, HOW and Mercy Housing are situated in Chicago. Each of the five interviewees have in any event five years working with the destitute and those housed subsequent to being destitute. I picked Mr. Skovensky, Ms. Patterson, Ms. Hutchinson and Ms. Birhle on the grounds that in the wake of working with them from roughly 2000-2003. (I at present work with Ms. Hutchinson, Ms. Birhle and Mr. Skovensky.) commentary I asked Ms. Ryan in the wake of getting familiar with some of Lincoln Park Community Shelters graduates. I solicited an Ex ecutive Director from another haven in Chicago yet there was no reaction from her. [Ms. Ryans telephone meet endured 30 minutes, because of an earlier responsibility; she later addressed inquiries sent by email. Ms. Pattersons meet kept going an hour at her office. Mr. Skovenskys and Ms. Birhles interviews endured around 40 minutes in their workplaces. Ms. Hutchinsons meet kept going an hour in her office.] commentaries The inquiries I posed to every individual were: 1) their meaning of versatility; 2) if strong customers act uniquely in contrast to the individuals who are less flexible; 3) if flexibility can be educated; 4) if strength can be instructed in a troublesome circumstance; 5) the qualities and confinements or inadequacies the customers have; 6) if people show flexibility in various ways; 7) social, racial or ethnic contrasts in how versatility is appeared; 8) how their associations work with customers/occupants to learn flexibility; 9) if flexibility can facilitate the c ontrary impacts of vagrancy and the change to being housed; 10) if there was anything significant I didn't get some information about Meeting Summary Everyones meanings of strength concur with every others and mirror writing. Instances of strength given included: the capacity to adjust to ones conditions, the capacity to push ahead when confronted with difficulties and additionally hindrances, which are distinctive for everybody and have various layers, similar to employments, families, etc (Patterson, Ryan); the capacity to drive forward and ricochet back under outrageous conditions and defeat extraordinary obstructions; capacity to recuperate and bounce back from troublesome or horrible encounters (Skovensky); a capacity to recoup and bounce back from troublesome or awful encounters and gain from them and make positive change (Hutchinson); Ms. Patterson referenced that someones informal community, which permits individuals to be stronger; that emotionally supportive network vanishing is the most noticeably terrible thing that occurs before somebody goes to HOW. Individuals need to utilize their abilities and encouraging group of people to explore and reconstruct. The flexibility piece the capacity to move and change effectively is critical. The versatile individual has a simpler time since life is continually evolving. Boundaries may incorporate any type of injury, similar to savagery, misfortune, habit, emotional well-being emergencies, imprisonment, getting destitute, and the general wellbeing framework (being sick and not having protection). Basically one of the enormous things of strength is conquering what might weaken a great many people (Skovensky). Reactions changed when members were inquired as to whether stronger customers act uniquely in contrast to the individuals who are less flexible. Those less strong may make two or three strides in reverse or not push ahead in a way they figured they could. The individual may move from the asylum to lodging, discovered they werent as prepared as they suspected, and move over into the sanctuary. A few customers may require more help, for example, a caseworker in an on location office or somebody guaranteeing they take their drugs day by day or need transportation every day (Patterson). Erin saw that frequently the hardest thing to defeat is a people generalizations of what vagrancy is. LPCS staff experiences what appears to a refusal framework set up. Progressively taught individuals frequently act like theyre superior to other people. Individuals are at times reluctant to help until protections are broken. Its critical to assist individuals with dealing with it during what Ms. Ryan called an anguish procedure, which some handle superior to other people. Some are additionally ready to organize, are available to recommendation, ready to take exhortation, increasingly receptive and converse with individuals; they have progressively human associations. The individuals who are increasingly separated have a progressively troublesome time. This incorporates individuals managing constant diseases, regardless of whether physical or dysfunctional behaviors. Moderating variables can entangle things for individuals, with the confirmation they need assistance and the readiness to acknowledge it being significant. This is particularly evident with habit. This likewise mirrors t he writing on flexibility. which? Mr. Skovensky referenced two things that stand apart for him: 1) the individuals who show up stronger appear to have a component of utilizing humor as a way of dealing with stress; they appeared to chuckle, grin, practically incongruent with their encounters. Youd think theyd be totally disheartened however they could snicker and grin and continue pushing ahead. 2) Using their inventiveness; utilizing workmanship, or potentially writing to narrative their experience. One individual in the photography bunch saying it caused him to feel better about his life and his issues; might be more about confidence than strength however. Someone sharing their encounters in their composing motivated others in the composing gathering; it helps the essayist and the crowd (Skovensky). This reflected what Smith and her associates found. Stronger individuals dont appear to be as stuck in past hurt or soiled down. They can move with the punches somewhat better. Stronger individuals dont customize things so much, dont express that negative things are being coordinated explicitly at them; they can contextualize things better. its simpler to request help since they dont think about things literally. They can depend on accessible assets all the more effectively, feel all the more a feeling of network, and inclusion (Hutchinson). Ms. Ryan and Ms. Patterson accept that the fundamental standards and ideas of strength can be instructed. In any case, bestowing that data; individuals must be eager to try that data. A few people say need to be determined what to do yet the most one can do is spread out the alternatives accessible so the customer can settle on their choices from that point. As Ms. Patterson stated, customers must do it for themselves. Mr. Skovensky accepts that flexibility may have more to do with character. Flexibility appears to be progressively similar to a character characteristic or something engrained as a part of our character than an expertise. Which paper is this like? Methods for dealing with stress, which include explicit procedures for managing issues or concerns, are abilities that can be educated. Models understanding your emotionally supportive network and the job it plays; understanding assets accessible; seeing how to process outrage in a way not impeding to you or others; understanding its alright to disapprove of circumstances, dont must be everything to all individuals; just thing one can claim is your own activities, not others activities. Flexibility, then again, appears to be progressively elusive by they way you can gauge and clarify. Subsequently it is difficult to depict who is strong and who isnt. Like Ms. Birhle, Ms. Hutchins on accepts strength can be empowered however requires a particular sort of viewpoint that can be displayed for individuals. Strength originates from a specific perspective on world, a specific viewpoint, which can be educated. Individuals who are stronger feel even more a we rather than us versus them. Anybody can encourage anything to somebody ready to learn. In the event that somebody isnt prepared for the change, at that point why even think about it? Individuals can be shown various methods of adapting if the individual is prepared and open to learning it. This helped me to remember the pre-pondering stage portrayed by James Prochaska and his partners. In this stage, there is no aim to change conduct within a reasonable time-frame; numerous individuals are ignorant or under-mindful of their issues, in spite of the way that their loved ones are very much aware of the issues (Prochaska, DiClimente, Norcross, 1992). With regards to t

Can Military Discipline Be A Success?

Can Military Discipline Be A Success?Military discipline is an integral part of the culture of the military and will be a constant reference point for students writing a military free essay. Because students need to remember military discipline, they will likely cite military free essay samples when writing. If they want to avoid sounding like a 'real' military officer, they should use these examples to reinforce their message.It's obvious that military action will result in punishment if there are mistakes made. In addition, military discipline makes sure that a variety of systems are in place so soldiers can't get away with things that would result in punishments in civilian life. For example, soldiers are disciplined for insubordination or gambling. Some military actions can result in all-purpose punishments such as demotions or being separated from the military altogether.In fact, soldiers in military action often undergo extra training to ensure they understand all rules and how to uphold them. Thus, some members of the military will simply present military discipline as a method to make the soldiers seem more like professionals and less like mugs or knuckleheads. However, many military actions will be just plain tough love, which will result in punishments. This can create problems as well, as some 'non-conformists' may feel like they're in some kind of legal bind because their discipline isn't the same as the rest of the group.Some of the requirements for the Army can also be difficult to follow. Discipline is one of the most essential things to understand in the Army. If soldiers don't follow orders, they are being punished. However, military orders don't always lead to the same conclusions for everyone, so it's easy to be ordered around sometimes.The toughest part about military action isn't being punished, though. It's about surviving the hardships and seeing the results. If a soldier has a sense of adventure and a drive to excel, then a career in the military will be an enjoyable experience. However, if he's not confident in his ability to do so, then he might not enjoy the rigors of military life.Likewise, some people view military discipline as something that protects others. This is likely true when it comes to the military police force. Most people in the military have jobs, they have to attend to and have to be on guard. Thus, if someone doesn't like being in charge, then they won't be happy in the military.In fact, some soldiers will be disappointed in military action because they don't have the pleasure of being able to experience adventure and risk. This is why military free essay samples are helpful. They show that military life has its perks. Those who don't like it might not be in the military for the reasons it's suppose to be.Although military action is tough, it is possible to succeed in the armed forces. As long as a person is willing to uphold the standards and follows orders, then he should have no problem succ eeding. A good military free essay sample should be used to demonstrate how to succeed as an active duty soldier.

Sunday, June 28, 2020

HBS and KSG Announce Integrated Joint Degree Program

Harvard Business School and the Kennedy School of Government announced last week that they are replacing their concurrent degree programs with an integrated dual-degree program that will award either an M.B.A./M.P.P or an M.B.A./M.P.A.-I.D . For the first two years of the three-year program, students will primarily take the required core curricula at the Kennedy School and the Business School. They will also participate in an HBS-KSG Joint Degree Seminar developed by faculty from both schools. The third year will be devoted to electives from either school and two required integrated, innovative courses: These courses include a business-government integrative course taken in the first term of the third year and a business-government capstone exercise supervised by faculty from both schools in the final term that will provide students with an opportunity to assimilate and apply what they have learned by working on an actual practical challenge presented by a client. The integrated program will admit its initial students for the Fall 2008 semester.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Tlaloc the Aztec God of Rain and Fertility

Tlaloc (Tlà ¡-lock) was the Aztec rain god and one of the most ancient and widespread deities of all Mesoamerica. Tlaloc was thought to live on the top of the mountains, especially the ones always covered by clouds; and from there he sent down revivifying rains to the people below. Rain gods are found in most Mesoamerican cultures, and the origins of Tlaloc can be traced back to Teotihuacan and the Olmec. The rain god was called Chaac by the ancient Maya, and Cocijo by the Zapotec of Oaxaca. Tlalocs Characteristics The rain god was among the most important of the Aztec deities, governing the spheres of water, fertility, and agriculture. Tlaloc oversaw crop growth, especially maize, and the regular cycle of the seasons. He ruled over the 13-day sequence in the 260-day ritual calendar beginning with the day Ce Quiauitl (One Rain). Tlalocs female consort was Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Her Skirt) who presided over freshwater lakes and streams. Archaeologists and historians suggest that the emphasis on this well-known god was a way for the Aztec rulers to legitimize their rule over the region. For this reason, they built a shrine to Tlaloc on the top of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, just next to the one dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec patron deity. A Shrine in Tenochtitlan Tlalocs shrine at the Templo Mayor represented agriculture and water; while Huitzilopochtlis shrine represented warfare, military conquest, and tribute... These are the two most important shrines within their capital city. The shrine of Tlaloc featured pillars inscribed with symbols of Tlalocs eyes and painted with a series of blue bands. The priest who was tasked with tending to the shrine was the Quetzalcoatl Tlaloc tlamacazqui, one of the most highly ranked priests in the Aztec religion. Many offerings have been found associated with this shrine, containing sacrifices of water animals and artifacts such as jade objects, which were related to water, sea, fertility, and the underworld. A Place in the Aztec Heaven Tlaloc was assisted by a group of supernatural beings called Tlaloques who supplied the earth with rain. In Aztec mythology, Tlaloc was also the governor of the Third Sun, or world, which was dominated by water. After a great flood, the Third Sun ended, and people were replaced by animals such as dogs, butterflies, and turkeys. In the Aztec religion, Tlaloc governed the fourth heaven or sky, called Tlalocan, the Place of Tlaloc. This place is described in Aztec sources as a paradise of lush vegetation and perennial spring, ruled by the god and the Tlaloques. The Tlalocan was also the afterlife destination for those who had died violently of water-related causes as well as for new-born children and women who died in childbirth. Ceremonies and Rituals The most important ceremonies dedicated to Tlaloc were called Tozoztontli and they took place at the end of the dry season, in March and April. Their purpose was to assure abundant rain during the growing season. One of the most common rites carried out during such ceremonies were sacrifices of children, whose crying was considered beneficial for obtaining rain. The tears of new-born children, being strictly connected with the Tlalocan, were pure and precious. One offering found at the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan included the remains of approximately 45 children sacrificed in honor of Tlaloc. These children ranged in age between two and seven years of age and were mostly but not entirely males. This was an unusual ritual deposit, and Mexican archaeologist Leonardo Là ³pez Lujà ¡n has suggested that the sacrifice was specifically to appease Tlaloc during the great drought that occurred during the mid-15th century C.E. Mountain Shrines Apart from the ceremonies carried out at the Aztec Templo Mayor, offerings to Tlaloc have been found in several caves and on mountain peaks. The most sacred shrine of Tlaloc was located on the top of Mount Tlaloc, an extinct volcano located east of Mexico City. Archaeologists investigating on the top of the mountain have identified the architectural remains of an Aztec temple which seem to have been aligned with the Tlaloc shrine at the Templo Mayor. This shrine is enclosed in a precinct where pilgrimages and offerings were carried out once a year by each Aztec king and his priests. Tlaloc Images The image of Tlaloc is one of the most often represented and easily recognizable in Aztec mythology, and similar to rain gods in other Mesoamerican cultures. He has large goggled eyes whose contours are made of two serpents which meet at the center of his face to form his nose. He also has large fangs hanging from his mouth and a protuberant upper lip. He is often surrounded by raindrops and by his assistants, the Tlaloques. He often holds a long scepter in his hand with a sharp tip which represents lightning and thunder. His representations are frequently found in the Aztec books known as codices, as well as in murals, sculptures, and copal incense burners. Sources Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Millar M and Taube KA. 1993. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames and HudsonSmith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO Inc.